Charting Environmental Law Futures in the Anthropocene by Michelle Lim

Author:Michelle Lim
Language: eng
Format: epub, pdf
ISBN: 9789811390654
Publisher: Springer Singapore

10.2 International Law in Antarctica

Human activities in Antarctica are governed by global norms and regimes, such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). Antarctic governance is also unique because of the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS). During the Cold War, the United States successfully persuaded seven claimant States (Australia, Argentina, Chile, France, Norway, New Zealand and United Kingdom) as well as the Soviet Union to establish the Antarctic Treaty. The Antarctic Treaty devotes Antarctica to peace and science. Over the years, the ATS has developed to comprise the 1959 Antarctic Treaty (AT), the 1972 Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (CCAS), the 1980 Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CAMLR Convention), the 1991 Environmental Protocol to the Antarctic Treaty (Madrid Protocol), and the measures in effect under these instruments. In particular, the Madrid Protocol bans mining in Antarctica indefinitely. The CAMLR Convention, through the Commission for Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) collectively manages fisheries in the Southern Ocean.

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